McKinsey Medium Profitability

Electric Utility

ProHub Comment

This is a Round 2 brainstorming case that tests the candidate's ability to systematically decompose a profitability problem using a framework (Profits = Revenue - Costs) and drill deeper into root causes. The case emphasizes qualitative problem-solving over quantitative analysis, requiring candidates to think critically about supply chain inefficiencies across coal acquisition, electricity generation, and transmission stages.

Estimated Time 15 minutes
Difficulty Medium
Source Chicago Booth
50 / 100

Our client is GPE, a producer of electricity. Here are a few concepts about electricity generation that will help you in this case: • There are several ways to produce electricity: water, coal-fired plants, nuclear, wind, etc. • Electricity can be supplied to a wholesaler or to consumers directly. • Electricity transmission is highly regulated because the wires used to transport electricity are mostly government controlled. However, electricity usage is mostly deregulated (i.e. the government does not set the price, it is set by competitive forces).

Our client has 10 plants that produce electricity using coal. The client obtains coal partly from its own coal mines and partly from 3rd-party providers. Of late, the client has seen the profitability of its coal generated electricity decline.

What could be causing this?

Clarifying Information

  1. This is a deregulated industry; price is set by competitive forces.
  2. There is one price set per the entire year.
  3. As a simplification, assume the same price is charged to all customers.
  4. GPE supplies electricity to over 1 M customers (a customer is a household or business) in deregulated markets through wholesalers.
  5. Volume is generated by demand. The market is fragmented.
  6. The market is growing at about 3% per annum.
  7. GPE runs 10 plants around the US.
  8. GPE pays a fixed cost to lease transmission lines to transmit the electricity produced.
  9. As a simplification, consider the main raw-material to be coal.
  10. GPE gets a 30% cheaper rate on coal from its own coal mines than compared to 3rd-party coal mines.
  11. There is a large market for coal.
  12. Coal customers are diverse, electricity producers are just one of many.