This is a structured profitability case requiring candidates to build a forward-looking P&L model by incorporating multiple changes: price increase ($0.50), volume growth (5%), COGS per unit increase (10%), and incremental marketing spend ($2M). The solution path is methodical—calculate new revenue from updated price and volume, compute new total COGS accounting for the per-unit increase and volume growth, subtract new SG&A, and compare the profit change of $4M improvement ($16M vs $12M baseline).